This guide explains how to obtain and use the Crystalarium in Stardew Valley, updated for version 1.6.
Obtaining a Crystalarium
To craft a Crystalarium, you need:
You'll unlock the recipe at Mining Level 9. Alternatively, you can obtain a Crystalarium by:

Using the Crystalarium

Place the Crystalarium anywhere – indoors or outdoors. Popular locations include the Quarry for mass production.
The Crystalarium replicates any gemstone or mineral (except Prismatic Shards). Quartz has the shortest growth time but low value. Diamonds have the longest (5 days) but highest value.
To move a Crystalarium, hit it with an axe or pickaxe. Any gem currently being grown will drop. To change the gem being grown, simply interact with the Crystalarium while holding the desired gem. The current gem will be ejected, and the new one will begin growing.
Profit from replicating valuable gems, and use the extra gems for profitable sales or gifting to villagers.